BBM Magazine

53 BBM DERGİSİ ARTICLE • MAKALE October-December • Ekim-Aralık 2017 atures died in the big flood that took place in the Meso- potamia as verified by religious books such as the Koran and Torah, myths and archaeological excavations. After the water settled down, Prophet Noah and his three sons scattered to different regions of the world with their wives and bred there. It is assumed that, among these sons, Japheth is the father of Turkish tribes, and Turkish race bred from his son. During these developments, when it was seen that making tools and equipment necessary for the survival of societies, and use of basic raw materials only for domestic purposes, was not possible, different occupational groups and jobs started to emerge. And re- gulations were developed for disciplining masters with a cooperative working system and keeping up with innova- tions. The subject of this article is to provide information about regulations which were promulgated for milling and bread making production plants and business owners. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OTTOMAN STATE Suleiman Shah, the leader of Kayı Tribe, one of the branches of Ghuzz Turks, decided to return to Turkistan geography, which he had left before, on his way there, he drowned in the Euphrates, the river near “Caber Tower,” and he was buried on this coast right after his death. His tomb is located in the area, which is within the boundari- es of Syria, and with the status of Turkish land today, and characterised as a typical Turkish grave. After Suleiman Shah’s death, a small unit consisting of 400 tents, un- der the leadership of Ertuğrul, provided courageous help to Seljuq Empire’s “Pitched Battle of Yassı Çemen.” In exchange for this, they were granted the city of Söğüt, as winter quarters, and Domaniç and Gavur mountains, as summer pasture, in the status of “dirlik” by Aladdin Keykubat, the Sultan, and they started inhabiting in these regions. Ahi community (Guild) provided a considerable support to Sultan Ertuğrul, for the establishment and de- velopment of the state, and he married Malhun Sultan, daughter of Edibali, one of the leaders of the community. Their son, Osman, was also a member of the Ahi com- munity. After this, Kayı Tribe maintained their existence as Edge Principality of the Seljuq State. After Sultan Ertuğrul died in 1281 at the age of 90, he was replaced by his elder son Osman (1299-1326). In 1285, he subjugated the Kulacahisar Castle, which is in the vicinity of today’s İnegol, from Byzantine İnegol feudal landlord, with a night raid. In 1287, he subjugated the Karacahisar castle. Le- arning about this, Seljukian Ruler Mesut, the Second, sent a flag and an edict as a sign of Principality together with precious gifts, to congratulate Osman in 1289. In this way, “The Ottoman Principality” (Osmanlı Beyliği) was established under the leadership of Osman Bey, and the conquered lands were deemed to belong to the Beylik from then on. Forces under the command of Osman Bey continued battles, and they first conquered Bilecik, and Halep tarafından dönmeye karar vermiş, Yolu üzerindeki “Caber Kalesi” yakınlarında Fırat Nehrine düşerek boğul- muş ve hemen o kıyıda defnedilmiş. Bugün Suriye içinde türbesinin bulunduğu yer Türk toprakları statüsünde olup, Türk mezarı seklinde tanınmaktadır. Süleyman Şah’ın ölümü üzerine, oğullarından Ertuğrul Bey liderliğindeki 400 çadırlık küçük bir birimi, 1230 yılında Anadolu Sel- çuklu Devletinin “Yassı Çemen Meydan Muharebesinde” yiğitçe yardımda bulunmuş. Karşılığında da, Hükümdar Alaeddin Keykubat tarafından Söğüt şehri kışlak, Doma- niç ve Gâvur dağları da, yaylak şeklinde “dirlik” verilip, yerleştirilmiş. Devletin kurulup, gelişmesinde Ertuğrul Beye, Ahilik kurumunun büyük yardımı olmuş ve örgütün liderinden Edibali’nin kızı Malhun Sultan’la evlenmiş. Söz konusu eşten doğan oğlu Osman Bey de, Ahi imiş. Bun- dan sonra Kayılar, Selçuklu Devletinin uç beyliği olarak varlıklarını sürdürmeye başlamışlar. Ertuğrul Gazi 1281 yı- lında 90 yaşında ölünce yerine büyük oğlu Osman (1299 -1326) geçmiş. 1285 yılında Bizanslı İnegöl Tekfurunun (Vali), İnegöl yakınlarındaki Kulacahisar kalesini bir gece baskınıyla teslim almış. 1287 de de, Karacahisar kalesini zapt etmiş. Bu durumu haber alan Selçuklu Hükümdarı 2. Mesut, 1289 yılında Osman’ı kutlamak üzere kıymetli armağanlarla birlikte, Beylik işareti olan sancak ve fermanı göndermiş. Böylelikle, Osman Bey liderliğindeki “Osman- lı Beyliği” kurulmuş bundan sonra ele geçirilen topraklar Beyliğin olacakmış. Osman Bey idaresindeki kuvvetler sa- vaşlara devam ederek, önce Bilecik’i fethetmiş, ardından da 1299 yılındaki, bayram namazında hutbe okutturarak “Osmanlı Devletinin “ kuruluşunu ilan etmiş. Osman Bey Topraklarını genişletmek amacıyla, fetihlere devam ede-