BBM Magazine Issue-Sayı: 32 May/June - Mayıs/Haziran 2019

COVER STORY • KAPAK DOSYASI 44 BBM / MAY-JUNE 2019 • MAYIS-HAZİRAN 2019 SDG Goal No. 1 - No Poverty Anemia occurs when the body lacks hemoglobin which carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. Anemia has many causes. The World Health Organization (WHO) es- timates that 42 percent of anemia in children and 50 percent of anemia in women is related to iron deficiency. Folic acid, zinc, riboflavin, vitamin B12, and vitamin A deficiencies can also cause anemia. Vitamin A is more often added to cooking oil, margarine, or sugar, but the other nutrients can all be included in fortified flour. People who have had anemia say it is like being a zombie, walking in quick sand, or having jet lag all the time. Conse- quently, anemia reduces an individual’s work capacity, and a high prevalence of anemia among a population reduces the gross domestic product. Anemia is estimated to contribute to 17 percent lower productivity in heavy manual labor and 5 percent lower pro- ductivity in other manual labor. Additionally, children who are iron deficient do not develop their full mental capacity. This means iron deficiency in childhood affects individual’s aca- demic performance and future earnings potential. Consequ- ently, childhood anemia is associated with a 2.5 percent drop in wages in adulthood, affecting productivity and economic growth and contributing to poverty. SDG Goal No. 2 - Zero Hunger Part of this goal is to end all forms of malnutrition. Globally, 45 percent of deaths of children under 5 years of age are attributed to malnutrition. This SDG specifically mentions stunting and wasting in children. Stunting is when children are more than two stan- dard deviations below the expected height for their age. Poor nutrition, repeated infections, and inadequate psycho-social stimulation can cause it. Wasting is when children’s weight is too low for their height. It is usually from a lack of food or from an infectious disease such as diarrhea. WHO estimates that 155 million children under 5 years of age are stunted, and 52 million children are wasted. Another 17 million children in this age group are considered severely wasted. Fortifying flour used to make biscuits or pasta that children often eat, such as Pastina, is one step toward preventing stunting and was- ting and reaching this Sustainable Development Goal. SDG No. 3 - Good Health and Well-being This goal is split into sections including maternal and new- born health, infectious disease, and non-communicable di- seases. Fortification helps to reach the goals in each of these categories. Maternal and Newborn Health Fortifying with folic acid greatly reduces women’s risk artırarak bazı SDG’lerin gelişimine katkıda bulunur. SDG Hedef No. 1 - Yoksulluğu Bitirmek Akciğerlerden bütün bedene oksijen taşıyan hemoglobin eksikliği olduğunda anemi oluşur. Aneminin çok sayıda ne- deni vardır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tahminlerine göre, çocuklardaki aneminin yüzde 42’si ve kadınlardaki anemi- nin yüzde 50’si demir eksikliğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Fo- lik asit, zinc, riboflavin, B12 vitamini ve A vitamin eksikliği kansızlığa yol açabilir. A vitamini daha çok yemekliği yağa, margarine veya şekere eklenir, ancak diğer besinler de zen- ginleştirilmiş una dâhil edilebilir. Anemisi olan insanlar bunun zombi olmaya, bataklıkta yü- rümeye veya sürekli uykusuzluğa benzetiyor. Sonuçta ane- mi, bir kişinin emek kapasitesini düşürür ve bir nüfusta yük- sek oranda anemi görülmesi gayri safi yurtiçi hasılayı azaltır. Aneminin, ağır el işçiliğinde yüzde 17 daha düşük üretkenli- ğe ve diğer el emeğinde yüzde 5 daha düşük üretkenliğe ne- den olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Ayrıca demir eksikliği olan çocuklar zihinsel kapasitelerini tam olarak geliştirmezler. Bu,