BBM Magazine Issue-Sayı: 52 May-Mayıs 2022

62 ARTICLE • MAKALE BBM / MAYIS 2022 • MAY 2022 Wherever there is agricultural production; soil, plants, soil mi- croorganisms, and wastes transform the organic carbon in the soil into inorganic carbon and provide a natural balance. With the right biological process in agricultural production, agricul- tural crops absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and re- lease carbon into the soil through root secretions, seeds, plant wastes. Microorganisms in the soil also convert organic carbon into inorganic and store it. It is possible to increase the carbon sequestration and decomposition capacity of the soil by estab- lishing carbon farms. Carbon is the basis of life on the planet. While plants take in carbon dioxide and produce their food through photosynthesis, they also produce a breath for humans. The source of life is the carbon cycle, this cyclical order has been circulating with various stakeholders for millions of years. This order ensures that the heat entering the planet is less than the heat going out. Carbon dioxide, a carbon compound, is the protector and shield of the earth's environment. This is called the greenhouse effect. Just as greenhouses protect the products grown in the appropriate environment, carbon dioxide protects the world. As the carbon dioxide in the world increased, global warm- ing emerged. If the carbon dioxide rate decreased, an ice age would occur. Therefore, the main task of carbon farms is to bal- ance the carbon. WASTED ORGANIC MATERIAL IN NATIONAL WEALTH The most important part of carbon farming is soil mainte- nance. The health resource that the soil needs is in the veg- etable and food wastes. 40% of the dry weight of plants is car- bon. The nutritional value of food depends on the amount of organic matter in the soil. The organic matter content of healthy soil should be 3%. 58% of organic matter is carbon on average. There is approximately 500 tons of soil in an agricultural area of 1000 sq m at a depth of 50 cm. 3% of its weight should be organic matter. In other words, about 15 tons should be organic matter and 8.5 tons of it should be carbon. Plants, vegetable wastes, animal wastes, food wastes, dead animals living or mixed in the soil, microorganisms, and organic domestic and industrial wastes (garbage) constitute the source of soil organic matter. About 50% of domestic waste is of organic nature. The daily waste of a person is about 2 kg. Half of it is organic matter which is very useful for the soil. The estimated daily amount of waste in Turkey is 168 thousand tons, half of which is organic matter and half of that is carbon. Nowadays it goes to waste, whereas 35 thousand tons of carbon per day is national wealth. Soils are gradually losing the amount of organic matter. The carbon balance of agricultural areas used to be provided through animal existence, animal manure, and agricultural and forestry wastes. The carbon content in grassland, pasture, and forest areas is far higher than in agricultural areas. Forests have protected agricultural lands since ancient times. Animals enrich it with their natural manure, plant wastes are the mulch of the buna sera etkisi deniliyor. Nasıl ki seralar uygun ortamda içerisinde yetişen ürünleri korur karbondioksitte dünyayı koruyor. Dünyadaki karbondioksit artınca, küresel ısınma ortaya çıktı. Karbondioksit oranı azaldığında ise buzul çağı ortaya çıkar. Bu nedenle karbon çiftliklerinin temel görevi karbonu dengelemek. ÇÖPTEKİ ORGANİK MADDE MİLLİ SERVET, ÇÖPE GİDİYOR Karbon çiftçiliğinin en önemli kısmı toprak bakımı. Toprağın ih- tiyacı olan sağlık kaynağı doğada israf edilen bitkisel ve gıdasal atıklarda. Bitkilerin, bitki kuru ağırlığının %40’ı karbon. Yediklerimi- zin besin değeri topraktaki organik madde miktarına bağlı. Sağlıklı toprağın “toprağın organik madde miktarı %3 olmalı”. Organik mad- denin ortalama %58’i karbon. 50 santim derinlikteki bin metrekare- lik bir tarımsal alanda yaklaşık 500 ton toprak bulunur. Ağırlığının %3’ü organik madde olması gerekiyor. Yani yaklaşık 15 tonu organik madde onunda 8.5 tonu karbon olmalı. Toprak organik maddesinin kaynağını bitkiler, bitkisel atıklar, hayvansal atıklar, gıda atıkları, top- rakta yaşayan veya karıştırılan hayvan ölüleri, mikroorganizmalar, organik karakterli evsel ve sanayi atıkları (çöpler) oluşturur. Evleri- mizden çıkan çöplerin yaklaşık %50’si organik karakterli. Bir kişinin günlük çöpü yaklaşık 2 kg. bunun yarısı organik madde, toprak için çok faydalı. Türkiye’de günlük çöp miktarı tahmini 168 bin ton, yarısı organik madde onun da yarısı karbon, şimdilerde o da çöpe gidiyor hâlbuki günde 35 bin ton karbon milli servet.