BBM Magazine Issue-Sayı: 59 December - Aralık 2022

84 BBM / DECEMBER 2022 • ARALIK 2022 * The second approach approximates the cost from a fiscal per- spective and estimates a need of US$5–7 billion in additional budget outlays for the 48 countries to protect vulnerable house- holds from the higher food prices. * Finally, the third approach suggests a cost of about US$50 bil- lion to eradicate acute food insecurity in 2022. Taking a longer- term lens that adds the challenge of chronic food insecurity to that of acute incidences of malnutrition can be expected to increase this cost significantly. Strong and timely action across four policy areas is need- ed to mitigate the food crisis. It is urgent and important to ad- equately and rapidly support households vulnerable to food in- security through international humanitarian assistance, backed by the full funding of the WFP, and effective fiscal policy measures at the domestic level; maintain open trade, including at the intrare- gional level, to allow food to flow from surplus areas to countries in need, which urgently requires the phasing out of export bans by major food producers; increase food production and improve distribution, including through ensuring adequate access to fertil- izers and other inputs; and invest in climate-resilient agriculture for longer-run sustainability. The international community has been stepping up its en- gagement, but further action is needed. Engagement of de- velopment partners including International Financial Institutions is expanding on policy advice, capacity building assistance and financing. Policy advice and capacity building assistance are urgent across all four policy areas identified above. Financing should aim to support the most vulnerable segments of the af- fected countries’ populations and mostly take the form of grants, humanitarian assistance and long-term concessional financing. Debt relief, including through the G20 Common Framework, could contribute to helping the poorest countries affected by the food crisis by freeing-up additional financial resources for food- related spending. Coordination among development partners, fa- cilitated by a number of new coordination mechanisms, is critical for a targeted and timely response to the challenge. The Fund is contributing strongly to this agenda, consistent with its mandate and expertise. Policy advice, capacity building, and addressing BOP needs related to the food shock are core elements of the Fund’s mandate to support its member countries. All have been deployed to address the current crisis. Through its policy advice and capacity building assistance, the IMF seeks to pro-actively identify food-related BOP pressures and supports policies to better assist vulnerable households, the phasing out of protectionist trade measures, and more efficient public invest- ment to foster climate-resilient agriculture. These actions will help governments to avoid resorting to export restrictions, which can destabilize international markets and exacerbate global price pressures. A new food shock window under the Rapid Financ- ing Instrument (RFI) and the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) is currently * Mali açıdan maliyetleri yaklaşık olarak hesaplayan ikinci yak- laşım, hassas haneleri yüksek gıda fiyatlarından korumak için 48 ülke için 5-7 milyar ABD Doları tutarında ek bütçe harcaması ge- rektiğini tahmin ediyor. * Son olarak, üçüncü yaklaşım, 2022’de akut gıda güvensiz- liğini ortadan kaldırmak için yaklaşık 50 milyar dolar tutarında bir maliyet önermektedir. Akut yetersiz beslenme vakalarına kronik gıda güvensizliği sorununu ekleyen daha uzun vadeli bir bakış açısının bu maliyeti önemli ölçüde artırması bekle- nebilir. Gıda krizini azaltmak için dört politika alanında güçlü ve za- manında eyleme ihtiyaç vardır. Dünya Gıda Programı’nın finans- manıyla desteklenen uluslararası insani yardım ve yerel düzey- de etkili maliye politikası önlemleri ile desteklenen büyük gıda üreticilerine ihracat yasaklarının aşamalı olarak kaldırılmasını gerekiyor. Gıdanın fazla olduğu alanlardan ihtiyacı olan ülkelere akmasına izin vermek için bölge içi düzey de dahil olmak üzere açık ticareti sürdürmek şarttır. Gübrelere ve diğer girdilere yeterli erişimin sağlanması da dahil olmak üzere gıda üretimini artırmak ve dağıtımı iyileştirmek gerekiyor. Ayrıca daha uzun vadeli sür- dürülebilirlik için iklime dayanıklı tarıma yatırım yapılmalıdır. CONSUMPTION RESEARCH • TÜKETİM ARAŞTIRMASI